TR wins in 1912

[Kaine for Senate '18]

Judging from President Warner's popularity coming into the 1990 Congressional Elections, I would assume that President Warner would be reelected convincingly over his Progressive and Republican opponents in the 1992 Presidential Election, not to mention I sense that the Democratic Party will regain control of the House of Representatives and solidify their majority in the Senate.

Perhaps, but remember how high GHW Bush's ratings were in 1990

Whilst you do bring up a very good point young Constine, I doubt that you will make your favourite Republican, in this case Democrat lose reelection in 1992. Not to mention, I doubt the economy will magically tank prior to the election, putting President Warner's reelection chances in dire straights. Oh snap

Good comeback

[Kaine for Senate '18]

South Asia remains, essentially, unchanged from OTL.

What about the famine in 1972 caused by Nixon withholding food shipments from Bangladesh after its independence from Pakistan?

The famine never happened, due to Jackson's support for Bangladesh.

France?

By 1987, France is basically the same as it is in RL.

So, the Hidden Father is President and HRH Chirac is PM in 1987?
Is the Hidden Father re-elected in 1988?

In 1987, François Mitterrand is President, and Chirac is PM; Mitterrand is reelected in 1988.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

In his State of the Union Address, President Warner asks Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1991.  The Act would modify some of the basic procedural and substantive rights provided by federal law in employment discrimination cases: it would provide for the right to trial by jury on discrimination claims and introduced the possibility of emotional distress damages, while limiting the amount that a jury could award.

As expected, the legislation faces opposition from conservative Democrats such as Thurmond and Helms; however, they are not joined by other Southerners like Sam Nunn and J. Bennett Johnston, and are forced to allow a vote on the Act; it passes the Senate on March 4, by a vote of 89-11.  It passes the House on March 27, 305-129, with every Southerner opposed to the legislation, although for different reasons; it is signed by the President on March 30.

In April, Congress begins debate on the National Voter Registration Act of 1991.  Introduced by Senator Chuck Robb (D-VA), the NVRA would require state governments to make the voter registration process easier by providing uniform registration services through drivers' license registration centers, disability centers, schools, libraries, and mail-in registration.  Strongly supported by all sides of the spectrum, the Act passes through both Houses quickly, and is signed by President Warner on May 3.

In May, Congress passes the High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991, introduced by Senator Al Gore, and establishing the National Research and Education Network, the High-Performance Computing and Communications Initiative, the web browser Mosaic, and the creation of a high-speed fiber optic network.

In June, Congress begins debate on the Defense of Marriage Act; introduced by Senator Helms, the DOMA would have two provisions:
1.   No state (or other political subdivision within the United States) need treat a relationship between persons of the same sex as a marriage, even if the relationship is considered a marriage in another state.
2.   The Federal Government may not treat same-sex relationships as marriages for any purpose, even if concluded or recognized by one of the states.

As soon as it is introduced, the DOMA faces strong opposition.  Senator Chris Dodd (P-CT) calls the legislation, “Nothing less than an attempt to force the bigotry of some Senators down the throats of every America.”  Senator Nancy Landon Kassebaum (P-KS) says, “This legislation, pure and simple, is simply Senator Helms and his friends telling us what we already know: gay people scare him.”

For almost two months, the Senate debates the DOMA, finally gaining cloture on September 7 by s vote of 60-40.  On September 14, the Senate passes it by a vote of 56-44, and sends it to the House.

When it reaches the House, it is sent to the Judiciary Committee, where it is quickly reported out due to the support of Democrats and Republicans.  In the Rules Committee, though, it is held up, as Chairman John Moakley strongly opposes the DOMA.  On October 25, it is finally let out, thanks to the 21 day rule.  On November 3, it is passes by the House, 218-217, and is signed by the President on November 6.

In his State of the Union Address on February 1, 1992, President Warner announces that he will run for reelection; it doesn’t come as a surprise, since his approval ratings are still in the high 50’s.  He also says, “The state of our Union is stronger than ever; unemployment is at its lowest in 30 years, violence is at a 30 year low, and we have more children graduating high school than ever before.”

In early February, Congress begins debate on the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1992.  The LDA aimed to bring a level of accountability to federal lobbying practices.  It passes both Houses easily, with the Congress looking ahead to the November elections.

The 1992 Presidential Election

With President Warner’s approval ratings in the high 50’s, a number of high profile challengers stay away from the election.

The 1992 Progressive National Convention

The field for the Progressive nomination is by no means impressive.  Only 2 viable candidates step forward: Senator Lowell Weicker of Connecticut, and Governor George Voinovich of Ohio.

The 1992 Progressive Primaries:
February 10th (Iowa)
Voinovich: 58%, Weicker: 42%.

February 18th (New Hampshire)
Weicker: 62%, Voinovich: 38%.

February 25th (South Dakota)
Voinovich: 54%, Weicker: 46%.

March 3rd (Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Maryland, Minnesota)
Colorado: Voinovich: 53%, Weicker: 47%.
Georgia: Voinovich: 57%, Weicker: 43%.
Idaho: Weicker: 54%, Voinovich: 46%.
Maryland: Weicker: 53%, Voinovich: 47%.
Minnesota: Weicker: 54%, Voinovich: 46%.

March 10th (Florida, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Rhode Island)
Florida: Weicker: 52%, Voinovich: 48%.
Louisiana: Voinovich: 57%, Weicker: 43%.
Massachusetts: Weicker: 61%, Voinovich: 39%.
Mississippi: Voinovich: 58%, Weicker: 42%.
Oklahoma: Voinovich: 63%, Weicker: 37%.
Rhode Island: Weicker: 60%, Voinovich: 40%.

March 17th (Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri)
Delaware: Weicker: 54%, Voinovich: 46%.
Hawaii: Weicker: 58%, Voinovich: 42%.
Illinois: Voinovich: 65%, Weicker: 35%.
Michigan: Voinovich: 68%, Weicker: 32%.
Missouri: Weicker: 59%, Voinovich: 41%.

Despite staying close in terms of delegates, Voinovich drops out and endorses Weicker, citing family concerns.  Weicker selects Arne Carlson of Minnesota as his running mate.

The 1992 Democratic National Convention

Warner and Clinton are renominated without opposition.

The 1992 Republican National Convention

The Republicans nominate Governor George Mickelson of South Dakota; he selects Governor John McKernan, Jr. of Maine as his running mate.

The 1992 Presidential Election

From day 1, Warner maintains a large lead in the polls.  He builds on the lead with a resounding victory in the debates, as he paints Weicker as being an elitist.  The end result is a Warner landslide, with a strong showing in the West by the GOP.

John Warner/Bill Clinton: 45% PV, 412 EV
Lowell Weicker/Arne Carlson: 29% PV, 63 EV
George Mickelson/John McKernan: 28% PV, 63 EV

The 1992 Congressional Elections

The Warner landslide finally gives the Democrats control of the House again, and they make minor gains in the Senate.

House Results:
Democrats: 207 (+17)
Progressives: 194 (-6)
Republicans: 34 (-11)

Senate Results:
Democrats: 54 (+4)
Progressives: 29 (-2)
Republicans: 17 (-2)

[Kaine for Senate '18]

See Ben, I knew you wouldn't have President John Warner lose reelection in 1992 . How anyone could do that to their political heroes is beyond me (this coming from the man who was going to have President Nelson Rockefeller lose the 1964 Presidential Election in the original Herbert Hoover TL).

Anywho, I am curious about the 1992 Presidential Election. How come the Republican nominee, South Dakota Governor George S. Mickelson performed well in the 1992 Presidential Election, compared to previous Republican presidential candidates? Also, why did Rhode Island vote for Warner/Clinton? I would have assumed that it would have been a safe Weicker/Carlson.

During the debates, Warner was able to pain Weicker as an out of touch elitist, which didn't play well in the west; given that Mickelson was from South Dakota, he was able to play up the western image, which led to a strong showing.  Rhode Island was one of the closest states that year, and Warner won by just a few hundered votes.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

The Second Term of John Warner

“As we prepare to enter the new millennium, we must look forward, and not backwards.”  President Warner says in his Inaugural Address.  “The last four years have been very successful for all Americans, and I hope the next four years can be even better.”

Two days after the Inauguration, Justice Thurgood Marshall dies of a heart attack.  To replace him, President Warner appoints James Harvie Wilkinson III to replace him.

In early February, President Warner travels to Ontario to meet with Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari and Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney to discuss a free trade agreement between the three countries.  The result, signed on March 1, 1993, is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

As soon as President Warner presents it to Congress, there is considerable opposition.  The leader of the opposition in the Senate is a troika composed of Senators Jim Sasser (D-TN), Carl Levin (P-MI), and William S. Cohen (R-ME).  In the beginning, there is an attempt to keep the bill bottled up in Committee, but on March 19, it is forced out, and sent to the full Senate.  The opposition then launches into a full fledged filibuster, with each Senator taking between two and three hours to speak.

As a result, Majority Leader Wendell Ford (D-KY), decides to keep the Senate in a continuous session, never adjourning; Ford hopes to tire out the filibusters, and catch them off guard.  However, the tactic doesn’t work, and for weeks on end, the filibuster continues.

Finally, on May 26, a cloture vote is held, and is achieved by a margin of 61-39, one more vote than was necessary.  On June 1, then, NAFTA clears the Senate by a vote of 61-38, with Senator Byron Dorgan (P-ND), a strong opponent of NAFTA, not being able to attend.

When it reaches the House, though, it is met with similar opposition, this time lead by Congressman Ron Paul (R-TX), a strong opponent of free trade.  An early attempt to keep NAFTA bottled up in Committee fails, but Paul succeeds in keeping it in the Rules Committee, thanks to Chairman John Moakley’s opposition to NAFTA.  However, on June 22, NAFTA is reported out, and on June 29, it passes the House, 218-217, with every Progressive voting against it.  It is signed by President Warner the next day.

On July 1, both Chief Justice Brennan and Justice Bazelon retire.  To replace Brennan, Warner appoints Stephen F. Williams, who is confirmed without controversy.  To replace Bazelon, however, Warner appoints 39 year old J. Michael Luttig; the youngest nominee in the 20th century.  As soon as his name is announced, Luttig is attacked by Senators for being too young and inexperienced.  Senator Arlen Specter (P-PA) says, “I wouldn’t confirm this guy to be a legal assistant, much less a judge on the nation’s highest Court.”  Senator David Pryor (D-AR) says, “This kid is too young; maybe he can be confirmed in 20 years, but not now.”  However, Judiciary Chairman Strom Thurmond is a strong supporter of Luttig, and on July 23, his name is sent to the full Senate for confirmation.

However, once the nomination reaches the floor, even more Senators come out in opposition.  On July 28, a letter, written by Justice and former Senator Charles Mathias, is leaked to the press, in which Mathias says that, were he still in the Senate, he would vote against Luttig.  This dooms the nomination, and on July 30, Warner withdraws Luttig’s name from nomination.  On August 2, Warner nominates E. Grady Jolly to replace Bazelon; he is confirmed without major opposition.

In September, Congress begins debate on the Welfare Reform Act of 1993; the Act would end welfare as an entitlement program; require recipients to begin working after 2 consecutive years of receiving benefits; place a lifetime limit of 5 years on benefits paid by federal funds, and aim to encourage two-parent families and discouraging out-of-wedlock births.  With strong support from Democratic and Republican members of Congress, the Act passes quickly, and is signed by the President on September 29.

In his State of the Union Address on January 28, 1994, President Warner says that “The era of big government is over.”  Citing the Welfare Reform Act as the beginning of “A return to personal responsibility.”

In a continued attempt to end big government, Congress passes the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act; which would open up competition among banks, securities companies and insurance companies.  Strongly supported by conservatives, and with the support of House Minority Leader Jim Leach (P-IA), the Act passes through Congress fairly quickly, and is signed by the President on March 10.

In early April, Congress begins debate on the No Child Left Behind Act of 1994; introduced by Senator John F. Kennedy (D-MA), NCLB would increase the of accountability for states, school districts, and schools, as well as providing parents more flexibility in choosing which schools their children will attend. It would also promote an increased focus on reading and mathematics.

Despite having strong support from moderates and liberals, the major issue involving NCLB is whether or not Congress could afford to fund it.  After assurances by Senate and House Appropriations Chairman Robert Byrd (D-WV) and Jamie L. Whitten (D-MS), the legislation is passed by the Senate on June 3, and it is passed by the House on July 1, being signed by the President on July 3.

The 1994 Congressional Elections

Despite Warner’s popularity, the Progressives make gains in the Senate, although the Democrats make minor gains in the House.

House Results:
Democrats: 212 (+5)
Progressives: 191 (-3)
Republicans: 32 (-2)

Senate Results:
Democrats: 49 (-5)
Progressives: 35 (+6)
Republicans: 16 (-1)

[Kaine for Senate '18]

Who are potential candidates for the Progressive, Democratic and Republican parties as of November 1994? I must admit, I have a feeling that Vice President Bill Clinton will become President of the United States in 1996, thus keeping the White House in Democratic hands for yet another four years. Then in 2000, I expect President Clinton to lose reelection to the Progressive nominee, whom ever they might be due to some form of a sex scandal. Anywho, they are my thoughts on the upcoming years in your TL.

The leading candidate for the Democratic Party is Vice President Clinton; no one else is considering challenging him.  The leading Progressives are Senator Joe Biden (P-DE), Senator Paul Wellstone (P-MN), and Governor Bob Miller (P-NV); however, there is a strong draft movement for former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell of New York.  On the Republican side, Governor John R. McKernan, Jr (R-ME) and Governor Steve Merrill (R-NH) are the leading candidates.

Who are the current Prime Minister's of both the United Kingdom and Ireland?

The Prime Minister of the UK Neil Kinnock of the Labour Party, a role he has held since the elections of 16 October 1991, when Margaret Thatcher's Conservative Party went down in defeat.  The Irish Prime Minister is John Bruton, as in RL.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

In January, 1995, Congress begins debating the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 which would apply several civil rights, labor, and workplace safety and health laws to the U.S. Congress and its associated agencies, requiring them to follow many of the same employment and workplace safety laws applied to businesses and the federal government.  Opposed by most conservatives, the legislation is nonetheless pushed through the Senate by a combination of Progressives and liberal Democrats.  In the House, it encounters no opposition, and is passed quickly; it is signed by the President on February 14.

In early March, Congress begins debate on the Combating Autism Act of 1995.  Written by Senator Nancy Kassebaum (P-KS), the Act would authorize nearly one billion dollars in expenditures, over five years beginning in 1996, to combat the autism spectrum disorders of autism, Aspergers syndrome, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and PDD-NOS through screening, education, early intervention, prompt referrals for treatment and services, and research.

Despite widespread popularity, the Act is filibustered by Senator Helms, who claims that it is unnecessary spending.  However, Helms is quickly silenced, and the Act is passed by the Senate on March 10 by a vote of 99-1, and is passed by the House on March 27, 433-1, with only Ron Paul (R-TX) voting against it.  It is signed by the President on March 30.

On April 9, President Warner issues two executive orders.  The first implemented tight oil and trade sanctions on Iran and made it illegal for American corporations or their foreign subsidiaries to participate in any contract “for the financing of the development of petroleum resources located in Iran.”  The second banned all trade between U.S. businesses and the Iranian government with the exception of informational materials.  In a speech, President Warner calls Iran a “sponsor of terrorism” and a “rogue state,” using language that had been discarded by the Reagan Administration 15 years earlier as too harsh.

On April 20, Cuba shoots down two American civilian planes, accusing them of violating Cuban airspace.  Despite being encouraged by Secretary of Defense John Tower to declare war on Cuba, President Warner instead tightens sanctions against Cuba and suspends charter flights from the United States to Cuba, hoping to cripple Cuba’s tourism industry.

In May, Congress begins debate on the Children’s Health Act of 1995.  The Act directed federal agencies to undertake a national, long-term study of children's health and development in relation to environmental exposures, specifically diseases that are increasingly prevalent in the United States, such as autism and asthma.

As expected, the conservatives in Congress fight the legislation; Senator Helms calls it “A complete and total waste of federal funds.”  Senator Thurmond says, “Plain and simple: we cannot afford this legislation.”  However, on May 20, Senator Robert Byrd (D-WV), Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee, and Congressman Bob Livingston (D-LA), Chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, issue a joint statement saying that the legislation can be funded easily, without any tax increase.  With this obstacle removed, the legislation passes quickly, and is signed by the President on June 14.

At President Warner’s urging, Congress begins debate on the Line Item Veto Act of 1995, which would give the President a line-item veto, allowing him to nullify specific provisions of a bill without vetoing the entire legislative package, but would subject them to the possibility of legislative override as are traditional vetoes.  Strongly supported by Senators Helms, Thurmond, and other conservative Democrats, the main point of debate is over the constitutionality of the line-item veto.  Senator Robert Byrd (D-WV), opposed the legislation, calling it, “An offensive slap at Congress,” and asserted that the legislation would enable the president to intimidate individual members of Congress by targeting the projects of his political opponents. He also complained that the line-item veto as proposed would take away Congress’ constitutional "power of the purse" and give it to the Executive branch.  

However, despite Byrd’s opposition, the legislation is passed by the Senate on September 27, 1995, by a vote of 53-47.  Once it reaches the House, it again faces opposition, as Congressman Ron Paul (R-TX) calls it “An infringement on the prerogatives of the Congress.”  He succeeds in keeping the Bill in the Judiciary Committee, due to a personal favor owed to him by Chairman Jack Brooks (D-TX).  However, on October 16, it is forced into the Rules Committee, where it is quickly reported out, and on October 31, by a vote of 228-206, it passes the House; President Warner signs it on November 3.

In January, Congress begins debate on the Pryor-Kennedy Homeless Assistance Act of 1996.  Written jointly by Senators David Pryor (D-AR) and John F. Kennedy (D-MA), the Act would provide federal funds for homeless shelters.  After initially being held up in Committee, it is rushed through Congress following President Warner’s statement of support in his final State of the Union on February 1, 1996.  It is signed by the President on February 26, 1996.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

The 1996 Presidential Election

With President Warner not seeking a third term, multiple candidates step forward to replace him.

The 1996 Progressive National Convention

The first candidate to declare for the Progressive nomination, on December 3, 1995, is Senator Paul Wellstone of Minnesota.  On December 13, Governor Bob Miller of Nevada declares.  However, on January 6, 1996, in a shocking turn of events, General Colin Powell of New York announces, after being pressured by various groups for almost two years, that he will seek the Progressive nomination.

The 1992 Progressive Primaries:
February 12th (Iowa)
Wellstone: 39%, Powell: 36%, Miller: 25%.

February 20th (New Hampshire)
Powell: 42%, Wellstone: 38%, Miller: 20%.

February 27th (Arizona, Delaware, North Dakota, South Dakota)
Arizona: Powell: 39%, Wellstone: 35%, Miller: 26%.
Delaware: Powell: 44%,Wellstone: 39%, Miller: 17%.
North Dakota: Wellstone: 42%, Powell: 40%, Miller: 18%.
South Dakota: Wellstone: 45%, Powell: 45%, Miller: 10%.

After finishing 3rd in every primary so far, Miller drops out and endorses Powell.

March 2nd (Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont)
Colorado: Wellstone: 54%, Powell: 46%.
Connecticut: Powell: 57%, Wellstone: 43%.
Georgia: Powell: 65%, Wellstone: 35%.
Maine: Wellstone: 55%, Powell: 45%.
Maryland: Powell: 57%, Wellstone: 43%.
Massachusetts: Powell: 54%, Wellstone: 46%.
Rhode Island: Powell: 58%, Wellstone: 42%.
South Carolina: Powell: 72%, Wellstone: 28%.
Vermont: Wellstone: 51%, Powell: 49%.

After suffering a long string of losses, and running low on funds, Wellstone drops out and endorses Powell.  Powell makes Wellstone his running mate.

The 1996 Democratic National Convention

Vice President Clinton is nominated without opposition, and selects Senator Jim Sasser of Tennessee as his running mate.

The 1996 Republican National Convention

The Republicans nominate Governor John McKernan, Jr. of Maine; he selects Senator Bob Smith of New Hampshire as his running mate.

The 1996 Presidential Election

From the start, Vice President Clinton leads in the polls.  However, with two weeks to go before the election, Vice President Clinton is accused by David Hale of pressuring him to provide an illegal $300,000 loan to Susan McDougal, the partner of the Clintons in the Whitewater land deal.  Although Clinton denies it, the media focuses in on the charges, and Clinton plummets in the polls.  On election day, it appears the charges have denied Clinton the Presidency, as Powell is narrowly elected America's first black President.

Colin Powell/Paul Wellstone: 38% PV, 292 EV
Bill Clinton/Jim Sasser: 36% PV, 218 EV
John McKernan/Bob Smith: 26% PV, 28 EV

The 1996 Congressional Elections

Although the Presidential election is close, the Progressives landslide in Congress, making major gains in both Houses.

House Results:
Progressives: 220 (+29)
Democrats: 169 (-43)
Republicans: 46 (+14)

Senate Results:
Democrats: 43 (-6)
Progressives: 40 (+5)
Republicans: 17 (+1)

[Kaine for Senate '18]

Who is Prime Minister of Canada? Who is President and Prime Minister of France?

The Prime Minsiter of Canada is Jean Chrétien, a post he has held since October of 1993.  The President of France is Jacques Chirac, since May of 1995, and the Prime Minister is Alain Juppé, who has held the role since May of 1995.

How does the 1995 Quebec referendum play out?

The referendum failed by a slightly greater margin than in RL; 51.5-48.5.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

BUMP

Glad to see General Colin Powell elected President of the United States in 1996 for two reasons. Firstly as America's first African-American President, in this alternative world anyway and secondly as a member of the Progressive Party. I have a gut feeling that Powell's Presidency will be a successful one and that he'll be reelected in a landslide in 2000. Am I right?

I cannot confirm one way or another   You'll simply have to read and find out (either tonight or tomorrow afternoon.)

[Kaine for Senate '18]

The First Term of Colin Powell

On January 20, 1997, with the largest television audience in American history watching, Colin Powell is sworn in as the first black President in American history.  In his Inaugural Address, Powell says, “Today begins a new era in America.  The old divisions will be torn down, and a new unity will rise up.”  In that spirit, Powell, in an amazing show of bipartisanship, appoints outgoing President Warner his Secretary of State, and makes outgoing Vice President Clinton his Attorney General.

Secretary of State: John Warner (D-VA)
Secretary of Treasury: Paul O’Neill (P-MO)
Secretary of Defense: Sam Nunn (D-GA)
Attorney General: Bill Clinton (D-AR)
Secretary of the Interior: Jim Jeffords (R-VT)
Secretary of Agriculture: Richard Lugar (D-IN)
Secretary of Commerce: Larry Pressler (R-SD)
Secretary of Labor: Alexis Herman (D-AL)
Secretary of Health and Human Services: Donna Shalala (D-OH)
Secretary of Education: Richard Riley (D-SC)
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development: Mel Martinez (D-FL)
Secretary of Transportation: Federico Peña (D-CO)
Secretary of Energy: Bill Richardson (P-NM)
Secretary of Veteran’s Affairs: Jim Webb (D-VA)

In early February, Congress passes the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which criminalized production and dissemination of technology, devices, or services intended to circumvent measures that control access to copyrighted works and criminalized the act of circumventing an access control, whether or not there is actual infringement of copyright itself; finally, it heightened the penalties for copyright infringement on the Internet.  Written by Senator Al Gore (D-TN), the DMCA passes both Houses without controversy, and is signed by the President on March 1.

On March 12, President Powell becomes the first President to visit China, meeting with Chinese President Jiang Zemin.  The meeting results in the first formalized relations between China and the United States since the 1940’s, although there had been some trade since the 1960’s.

In April, Congress takes up debate on the Iraq Liberation Act, which called for a regime change in Iraq, as well as supply aid to groups opposed to Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein.  Written by Senator Helms, the Act was supported by a coalition of conservative Democrats and Republicans.  However, it faces stiff opposition from Progressives, who see it as a precursor to war with Iraq.  However, it passes the Senate on April 27, and gets moved quickly through the House, passing on May 4.  Despite some misgivings, Powell signs the legislation on May 6.

On June 14, the US embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and Nairobi, Kenya, are bombed by local members of the al Qaeda terrorist network, headed by Osama bin Laden, son of Muhammed Awad bin Laden, a wealthy businessman with close ties to the Saudi royal family.  The attack in Nairobi results in about 212 people killed, and an estimated 4000 injured; in Dar es Salaam, the attack is estimated to have killed at least 11 and wounded another 85.

In response, President Powell orders Operation Infinite Reach, a series of cruise missile strikes on targets in Sudan, starting on July 1, 1997, with a statement saying that they would not cease bombing until the Sudanese government handed over Osama bin Laden.  For almost a month the US bombs Sudan, until on July 25, the US receives intelligence that bin Laden has fled the Sudan, moving to Afghanistan.  Three days later, the US ends the bombing of Sudan.

President Powell flies to Kandahar, Afghanistan to meet with Afghani ruler Mohammed Omar, to discuss handing over bin Laden.  Omar refuses, calling bin Laden “A fighter for freedom.”  In response, Powell declares on August 1 that the US will begin a large scale bombing campaign in Afghanistan, and will not stop until Omar hands over bin Laden to stand trial.

On August 17, the US begins bombing the Tora Bora cave complex, where they believed bin Laden to be hiding.  For almost a week, the US bombs the caves extensively, and on August 23, the US begins a ground invasion, where they are met by Al-Qaeda and Taliban troops.  However, on August 27, the US finally overcomes the resistance, and captures Osama bin Laden.  They then end the bombing campaign in Afghanistan, and withdraw all ground troops.

Osama is sent back to the United States, where he is charged with Murder of US Nationals Outside the United States, Conspiracy to Murder US Nationals Outside the United States, and Attacks on a Federal Facility Resulting in Death for his role in the embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania.

On September 5, bin Laden’s trial begins in Washington, DC.  After three weeks of testimony, including some given by former Al-Qaeda members, bin Laden is found guilty, and sentenced to death.  He is executed on October 1.

In his State of the Union Address on January 25, 1998, President Powell comments on the US attempt to capture bin Laden, and praises the soldiers who worked to capture him.

In early February, Congress begins considering the Powell Tax Cuts, which would result in nearly $1.35 trillion in tax cuts.  With Powell arguing that the cuts would help the economy, and with reports of the threat of recession from Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, Congress passes the tax cuts in early March, despite strong opposition from liberals.

In March, Congress begins considering the Kyoto Protocol, a protocol to the international Framework Convention on Climate Change with the objective of reducing greenhouse gases in an effort to prevent anthropogenic climate change.  The Protocol faces strong opposition by conservatives, especially Senator Helms, who calls it, “An attempt by the UN to tell Americans how to live their lives.”  However, the Protocol is supported with equal vigor by Senator Al Gore, who calls it, “A way to defeat the threat of climate change without great sacrifice on our part.”  For almost two months, Congress debate the Protocol; it finally passes the Senate on May 9, 51-48, and passes the House on May 30, 232-202.

In June, Congress begins debate on the Matthew Shepard Act, which expanded the hate-crime law to include crimes motivated by a victim's actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.  Introduced by Congressman Barney Frank (P-MA), an openly gay member of Congress, the legislation passes the House with little controversy, 237-180, on June 29, with Tammy Baldwin (P-WI), the other gay member of Congress presiding.

In the Senate, however, the legislation faces strong opposition by conservatives such as Richard Shelby (D-AL), Helms, and Thurmond.  The three men stage an impressive filibuster, which finally ends on August 5.  The Senate achieves cloture 60-39, and passes the legislation by a vote of 59-41 on August 11; it is signed by Powell the next day.

The 1998 Congressional Elections

Following the capture and execution of bin Laden, Powell’s approval rating hits 80%; it drops a little, but on election day, the Progressives make major gains.

House Results:
Progressives: 254 (+34)
Democrats: 140 (-29)
Republicans: 41 (-6)

Senate Results:
Progressives: 49 (+9)
Democrats: 38 (-5)
Republicans: 13 (-4)

[Kaine for Senate '18]

In a speech to the United Nations on February 4, 1999, President Powell says that “Together, we must work to eradicate the mistrust that exists between nations, and work towards a global community.”  The speech is widely praised, although Senator Helms criticizes it as “A sign of weakness on our part.”

On February 19, Congress passes the Check 21 Act; introduced by Senator Al Gore (D-TN), the Act would allow recipient of a paper check to create a digital version, thereby eliminating the need for further handling of the physical document.  Seen as a good use of new technology, the Act passes without controversy and is signed by the President on February 26.

On March 10, Congress takes up debate on the Kohl-Lieberman Act of 1999.  Introduced by Senators Herb Kohl (P-WI), and Joe Lieberman (D-CT), the Act would ban shipment, transport, ownership and use of guns or ammunition by individuals convicted of misdemeanor or felony domestic violence, or who is under a restraining (protection) order for domestic abuse. The Act would also makes it unlawful to knowingly sell or give a firearm or ammunition to such person.

Despite being strongly supported by all Progressives, liberal Democrats, and President Powell, the Act hits a major snag in the Senate, where it faces strong opposition from Southerners like Helms, Thurmond, and Presidential hopeful Richard Shelby (D-AL), who argue against not only the constitutionality of the legislation, but also of its effectiveness.  The highlight of the debate is a filibuster by Senator Trent Lott (D-MS), which lasts for 17 hours, 26 minutes, and 38 seconds, during which Senator Lott reads the Declaration of Independence, Constitution, Federalist Papers, and every Inaugural Address from Washington to James K. Polk’s.  Finally, on April 17, the Senate breaks the filibuster, 61-39, and passes the Act on April 25, 57-43; it passes the House easily on May 3, 429-5, and is signed by the President on May 7.

On May 20, Justice John Minor Wisdom retires from the Court; he is replaced by David S. Tatel, who is confirmed without controversy.

In June, Congress passes the Family Support Act; written by Senator John Edwards (D-NC), the Act would require teen mothers who receive public assistance to remain in high school and, in some cases, to live with their parents.  Strongly supported by conservatives and liberals, the FSA passes on June 27, and is signed by the President on July 1.

At a July 4th dinner in St. Paul, Minnesota, Vice President Wellstone announces that he will not seek reelection as Vice President, citing “A recently diagnosed health condition that would force me to be unable to devote the required amount of time and attention to serving another four years as Vice President.”  He announces that he will, however, serve out the remainder of his term.

In September, Congress begins debate on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1999.  Written by Senators Thurmond and Lieberman, FISA set out the procedures for the physical and electronic surveillance and collection of “foreign intelligence information” between “foreign powers” and “agents of foreign powers” (which may include American citizens and permanent residents suspected of being engaged in espionage and violating U.S. law on territory under United States control).

Despite being written jointly by a conservative and liberal Democrat, FISA faces a well organized opposition from Progressives, who argue that the legislation would allow the President to bypass court sanctioned warrants when spying on American citizens.  However, after being assured by numerous Justice Department officials that this was not the case, FISA passes on January 10, 2000 by a vote of 59-41, and it passes the House on January 29, by a vote of 387-47.

In his State of the Union Address on January 30, 2000, President Powell takes an extended time to praise Vice President Wellstone, calling him “A true American hero.”

The 2000 Presidential Election

With President Powell seeing unprecedented approval ratings, many high profile Democrats decline to challenge him.

The 2000 Progressive National Convention

At the Convention, Powell announces Senator Harry Reid of Nevada as his Vice Presidential choice, and they are nominated by acclamation.

The 2000 Democratic National Convention

The 2000 Democratic Primaries had been shaping up to be a three person race between Senators Kay Bailey Hutchison of Texas, Richard Shelby of Alabama, and Governor Zell Miller of Georgia.  However, by early December, only Miller remained, as Shelby and Hutchison had both dropped out due to poor poll showings.  At the Convention, Miller selects Senator Blanche Lincoln of Arkansas as his running mate.

The 2000 Republican National Convention

The Republicans nominate Governor Howard Dean of Vermont; he selects Senator Judd Gregg of New Hampshire as his Vice President.

The 2000 Presidential Election

The Miller campaign starts out at a significant disadvantage in the polls, and Miller’s erratic personality contributes to the eventual landslide loss for the Democrats.

Colin Powell/Harry Reid: 48% PV, 366 EV
Zell Miller/Blanche Lincoln: 32% PV, 132 EV
Howard Dean/Judd Gregg: 20% PV, 40 EV

The 2000 Congressional Elections

As expected, the Progressives make gains in the House and Senate.

House Results:
Progressives: 259 (+5)
Democrats: 120 (-20)
Republicans: 56 (+15)

Senate Results:
Progressives: 54 (+5)
Democrats: 33 (-5)
Republicans: 13 (-)

[Kaine for Senate '18]

The Republicans win New Jersey?

That was the big surprise on election night; Dean won it by less than 1%.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

But there seems to be next to no change in foreign politics in this timeline, which is weird.

Indeed, but it would be great even if no events change around the World and yet in the United States to at least report on the elections in those countries, particularly those ones I mentioned previously. Also, was there a Cold War in this TL? As I have seem to forgotten.

There was to an extent; China and its neighbors all fell to Communism, although with much less fanfare than IRL.  The USSR collapsed in 1968, following a disastrous war in Israel.

However, the US did, to some extent, fight it even post-USSR; they intervened in Chile to help put Pinochet in power, until he was deposed by the people in 1991.  But, in general, they have been less interventionist than IRL.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

Bump

Sorry there hasn't been an update in a while; if anyone has any questions, please do ask them

[Kaine for Senate '18]

The Second Term of Colin Powell

In his Inaugural Address, President Powell lays the groundwork for his legislative agenda, called “The New Freedom.”  The agenda promises to commit more spending to domestic affairs, to try and improve the quality of life for all Americans.

The first piece of legislation introduced by Powell for his agenda is the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001.  The Act would provide cuts to all families making under $200,000 per year; families with more than 4 children, senior citizens on fixed incomes, and numerous other groups of people who were unable to work for any reason.

Despite having strong support amongst Progressives, EGTRRA faces strong opposition from conservatives such as Helms and Fritz Hollings (D-SC), who argue that the legislation would in fact be a significant tax increase.  However, arguments put forward by such supporters as Ron Wyden (P-OR), John Kerry (P-MA), and Paul Sarbanes (P-MD) state that the increases will only be on the very richest members of society, and that more than 90% of Americans will receive a decrease.

On March 6, by a vote of 60-40, the Senate votes to grant cloture on the EGTRRA; on March 14, it is passed by a vote of 57-43.  On April 7, it passes the House 323-111, and is signed by the President on April 10.

On April 12, in the Israeli Prime Ministerial elections, incumbent Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is reelected over Ehud Barak, despite polls taken just days before the election that showed Barak leading Netanyahu by a significant margin.  In addition, Netanyahu’s Likud Party is able to make significant gains in the Knesset, giving them a remarkable 41 seats out of 120 in the Knesset, and allowing them to form a two party coalition with the right-wing Shas Party, for a combined total of 72 seats.  In his victory speech, Netanyahu pledges to hold elections in the next 4 years, after not having elections held since 1994.

On April 19, Congress begins debate on the Unemployment Compensation Act of 2001.  The legislation, written by Senator Barbara Boxer (P-CA), the UCA would increase the amount of compensation that a worker who received career-ending injuries could be paid by their former employer.  Despite facing opposition from conservatives, the UCA is quickly passed by Congress, and is signed by the President on May 3.

In early June, Congress passes the Iran Freedom and Support Act of 2001; the Act would appropriate $10 million to spend in support of groups opposed to the Iranian government.  The Act is strongly supported by conservatives such as Helms and Thurmond, as well as liberals like Joe Lieberman (D-CT), and Joe Biden (P-DE), and passes without opposition.

On June 26, while vacationing in Paris, President Powell suffers a fairly severe heart attack.  He is rushed to a hospital, where he is said to be in critical condition.  On July 7, he returns to the United States, after having spent almost two weeks in the hospital.  Although he appears in good health, he announces that he will not be making any public appearances for a while, and he returns to his home in New York to recuperate.

For almost four months, Powell remains in semi-seclusion, although Vice President Reid does visit almost ever day, as do a plethora of important members of Congress and the Cabinet, all of whom report the President is doing well.

On November 10, 2001, President Powell gives a televised address from the White House, where he thanks the Congress for allowing him to recover in peace.  He announces that, contrary to some reports, he will not resign the Presidency, and that he will have a package of legislation for Congress to consider.

In his State of the Union on January 27, 2002, President Powell unveils his program.  It consists mostly of free trade agreements, with Morocco, Australia, and Chile.  Although Australia passes without controversy, there is more debate on Morocco and Chile.

On February 20, Congress begins debate on the US-Chile Free Trade Agreement.  The FTA is opposed by Senator John Edwards (D-NC), who argues that Chile abuses the rights of its workers, and that the FTA will only exacerbate that.  However, his objections are set aside, and on March 3, by a vote of 62-27, the US-Chile Free Trade Agreement is approved by the Senate; it passes the House without opposition.

On March 10, in Zimbabwe, President Robert Mugabe is overthrown in a coup d’état led by Opposition Leader Morgan Tsvangirai.  Despite calls from Senator Helms to send in troops to help Mugabe, Powell refuses to intervene; in a private meeting, he says that if he does anything, it will be to help Tsvangirai.

On May 3, Congress passes the US-Morocco Free Trade Agreement, after receiving assurances that the Moroccan government would attempt to clean up human rights violations amongst it population.

On June 28, former Vice President Paul Wellstone announces that he will run for Governor of Minnesota; many people view this as a set-up for a 2004 Presidential run.

The 2002 Congressional Elections

With President Powell still having strong approval ratings, the Progressives suffer only minor losses.

House Results:
Progressives: 249 (-10)
Democrats: 129 (+9)
Republicans: 57 (+1)

Senate Results:
Progressives: 50 (-4)
Democrats: 36 (+3)
Republicans: 14 (+1)

[Kaine for Senate '18]

Bump.

Sorry about the lack of an update; I've been a bit distracted recently.

However, I will take this time to elaborate on Zimbabwe: By March of 2002, Zimbabwe is in a position similar to the one it's in now, only worse along.  This is partially due to the decreased mental faculties of President Mugabe, who suffered a serious stroke in 2001, and has since then been hidden from the public, much like President Woodrow Wilson during the 1918-1920 period.  Thus, in early 2002, working with numerous high ranking officials in Zimbabwe, Tsvangirai organizes a coup to overthrow Mugave, and replace him with Tsvangirai.  Tsvangirai maintains military support by promising to not make officials stand trial from crimes committed under Mugabe, and he promises the people to hold free elections soon; they are scheduled for early 2003.

Because of his poor health, President Mugabe is sent to a hospital in South Africa for treatment; his passport, however, is revoked, so he may not return to Zimbabwe if he recovers.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

On January 16, 2003, in his State of the Union Address, Powell states that he will not seek a third term in 2004.  He also announces that he will ask Congress to send a massive aid package to Zimbabwe, to help a nation “Struggling through the birth pangs of democracy.”  He says that he will be going to Zimbabwe to meet with President Tsvangirai, to help him write a Constitution, and to help him prepare for the Zimbabwean National Elections, which are scheduled for February 11, 2004.

On January 19, Powell, Secretary of State Warner, and Attorney General Clinton arrive in Harare, where they are greeted by President Tsvangirai.  They arrive at the President’s Mansion, and begin writing the Constitution.  On January 30, they unveil a Constitution based on the American system, with a lower house, the House of Assembly, and an upper house, the Senate.  The President will serve as Chief Executive, being elected every 6 years; and he will appoint a Prime Minister, who must be confirmed by both houses of Parliament.  This Constitution will be presented to the voters in the election to be held the next year.

On February 8, Korean President Kim Jong-il is assassinated while visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao.  He is rushed to a hospital, where he is pronounced dead.  Despite attempts by the Korean government to claim the Kim in fact survived the attempt, it is confirmed by various sources that he did indeed die of gun wounds to the head.

Following news of Kim’s death, President Powell calls a conference in the Oval Office, with every major Senate and House leader, and his entire Cabinet, along with an array of diplomats, present.  It is decided that the American government will initially not intervene, but that if there is a power struggle, the American military will be sent in to try and end the Communist regime.

However, despite predictions of a power struggle, no such struggle occurs.  Instead, it is announced that Kim’s half-brother, Kim Pyong-il, would assume control of the government; there was no opposition inside of Korea, and, despite a clamor in some conservative circles for Powell to launch a military invasion, he refuses to do so, claiming that in the end, it might backfire.

On March 2, the Israeli Parliamentary elections result in a huge mandate for Benjamin Netanyahu and his Likud Party.  polls show that almost twice as may voters trust Netanyahu, when compared to his nearest opponent, Ehud Barack.  The elections end with Likud holding an amazing 58 seats in the Knesset, just two short of a majority.

On April 15, Congress begins debating the US-Zimbabwe Free Trade Agreement.  Despite President Powell and President Tsvangirai stating that the passage of the FTA would be a major boost to the Zimbabwean economy, there is strong opposition within Congress.  Senator John Edwards (D-NC) says that the legislation would “Further a regime that has been just as ruthless as its predecessor.”  Congressman Ron Paul (R-TX) says, “We’re selling out American labor to help some far off dictatorship!”  However, on April 28, by a vote of 221-213, the House passes the FTA, with Powell working right through the end of the vote to convince Congressman that Tsvangirai is not a dictator, and that the elections, when held, will be good for Zimbabwe.  With that in mind, the Senate passes the FTA on May 5, 54-46.

On May 28, the first candidate declares for the Presidential race, when former Vice President, and current Minnesota Governor Paul Wellstone declares for the Progressive nomination.

On June 10, Powell begins a tour of Europe, starting in the United Kingdom, where, along with newly elected Prime Minister Tony Blair, he thanked the British for their long standing support of America.  In Germany, he hoped to continue the close partnership between the two nations.  The trip concludes on July 1, in Poland, where he compliments the Poles on their transition to democracy.

By early July, the Presidential race was in full swing, for both the Democrats and the Progressives.  The first Democrat to declare was Senator John Edwards, on June 17, in Raleigh, North Carolina.  By Labor Day, two more Democrats – Governor Mike Huckabee of Arkansas, and former Congressman Dick Gephardt of Missouri, have also declared.  In addition, one more Progressive, Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts, had declared on June 4.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

The Race for the Progressive Nomination

By early September, the race for the Progressive nomination had seemingly come down to just two people: former Vice President Wellstone, and Senator Kerry, with a third candidate, Congressman Dennis Kucinich of Ohio, trailing far behind.

Wellstone's campaign was a populistic campaign, with a focus on labor unions, blue collar workers, and farmers.  Kerry's campaign, on the other hand, was based off of the more socially liberal, New England style liberals, based in places like New Hampshire and New York.

National Progressive Poll (October 1, 2004)
Wellstone: 38%
Kerry: 35%
Kucinich: 5%
Undecided: 22%

For much of November and December, both Wellstone and Kerry focus on Iowa, with Kerry sometimes visiting New Hampshire.  On Caucus day, Wellstone pulls out a narrow victory, although not nearly as large a victory as had been expected:
Wellstone: 46.8%, 24 delegates.
Kerry: 44.5%, 21 delegates
Kucinich: 8.7%, 0 delegates.

After Iowa, there's an 8 day layoff until New Hampshire, with Kerry hoping a major victory would allow him to rebound, and build momentum.  On primary day, Kerry gets his wish, with a major win:
Kerry: 50%, 12 delegates.
Wellstone: 42.5%, 10 delegates.
Kucinich: 7.5%, 0 delegates.

With the only single day primaries over, Kerry and Wellstone begin for the major battle; the first of two Super Tuesday primaries, on February 3.  Both candidates blitz the voting states with ads, although the tone is generally positive.  On election day, though, nothing much changes, and they remain basically tied:

February 3 (Arizona, Delaware, Missouri, South Carolina)
Arizona: Wellstone: 47.7%, 30 delegates, Kerry: 45.3%, 25 delegates, Kucinich: 7%, 0 delegates.
Delaware: Kerry: 48%, 8 delegates, Wellstone: 45%, 7 delegates, Kucinich: 7%, 0 delegates.
Missouri: Wellstone: 47.9%, 41 delegates, Kerry: 45.3%, 33 delegates, Kucinich: 6.8%, 0 delegates.
South Carolina: Kerry: 43.7%, 21 delegates, Wellstone: 37.8%, 16 delegates, Kucinich: 18.5%, 8 delegates.

Post Mini Tuesday delegate totals:
Wellstone: 128 delegates
Kerry: 120 delegates
Kucinich: 8 delegates

The week after the first Mini Tuesday comes Super Tuesday, much more important because of the 5 states voting that day, only 1, Virginia, holds less than 100 delegates.  Kerry, trailing by just 8 delegates, decides to pour all of his resources into the states where he leads, to try and build a massive margin, and it pays off on election day.

February 10 (California, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Virginia:
California: Kerry: 48.8%, 173 delegates, Wellstone: 38.8%, 136 delegates, Kucinich: 12.4%, 61 delegates.
Illinois: Kerry: 47.7%, 86 delegates, Wellstone: 43.4%, 70 delegates, Kucinich: 8.9%, 0 delegates.
Michigan: Wellstone: 42.7%, 56 delegates, Kerry: 42.3%, 55 delegates, Kucinich: 15%, 17 delegates.
New York: Kerry: 53.3%, 130 delegates, Wellstone: 40.7%, 106 delegates, Kucinich: 6%, 0 delegates.
Virginia: Kerry: 47.7%, 38 delegates, Wellstone: 38.8%, 30 delegates, Kucinich: 13.5%, 14 delegates.

Post Super Tuesday Delegate Count:
Kerry: 602 delegates
Wellstone: 526 delegates
Kucinich: 100 delegates

The day after the Super Tuesday primaries, Kucinich drops out, and decides to endorse Wellstone, putting him back on top of the delegate count.  The next week brings 4 agrarian primaries, with Wellstone picking up major victories.

February 17 (Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah)
Nebraska: Wellstone: 65.2%, 16 delegates, Kerry: 34.8%, 8 delegates.
North Dakota: Wellstone: 70.8%, 10 delegates, Kerry: 29.2%, 4 delegates.
South Dakota: Wellstone: 80.9%, 12 delegates, Kerry: 19.1%, 2 delegates.
Utah: Wellstone: 60.8%, 5 delegates, Kerry: 39.2%, 3 delegates.

Post Farm Primaries delegate count:
Wellstone: 669 delegates.
Kerry: 619 delegates.

Kerry decides to put all of his hopes on the March 2 primaries in Ohio and Texas, deciding he'll end the campaign if he doesn't score major victories.

March 2 (Ohio and Pennsylvania)
Ohio: Wellstone: 58.8%, 77 delegates, Kerry: 41.2%, 63 delegates.
Pennsylvania: Wellstone: 57.7%, 67 delegates, Kerry: 42.3%, 54 delegates.

On March 3, Kerry ends his campaign, and endorses Wellstone warmly, pledging to work hard for his victory.

The 2004 Progressive Convention.
At the Convention in San Francisco, California, the Progressives spend a large amount of time praising President Powell.  There is, entering the Convention, no word on who Wellstone will select as his running mate, so the Convention is surprised when he announces that he will pick Senator Kerry as his running mate.  They are nominated by acclamation, and prepare for the coming campaign.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

The Race for the Democratic Nomination

The two Democratic candidates, Edwards and Gephardt, are largely the same.  Both candidates are populist Southerners.  Edwards, however, has the cash advantage, as well as more charisma.

National Democratic Poll (October 1, 2004)
Edwards: 47%.
Gephardt: 30%
Undecided: 23%

By the middle of December, people are crowning Edwards as the nominee, and the Gephardt campaign begins spending gobs of money in Iowa, trying to stop Edwards.  On election day, though, Edwards wins big:
Edwards: 59% (45 delegates), Gephardt: 41% (0 delegates).

With polls showing him sinking everywhere, and almost out of money, Gephardt decides to go all or nothing in New Hampshire, shocking pundits.  However, the gamble fails, and he loses New Hampshire:
Edwards: 52% (22 delegates), Gephardt: 48% (0 delegates).

On January 20, Gephardt decides to drop out of the race, and endorses Edwards.  On July 5, Edwards announces that he'll pick Senator David Boren of Oklahoma as his running mate.

The 2004 Democratic National Convention
At the Convention in Atlanta, Georgia, Edwards gives a blistering speech attacking Wellstone for not being truly a Populist.  Senator Zell Miller of Georgia, the 2000 nominee, says that Wellstone, "Doesn't give a damn about the military."  Polls after the DNC show the race tied.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

The 2004 Presidential Campaign:

As the campaign begins, the polls show a dead heat of a race between Edwards and Wellstone, with Republican John E. Sununu in third.  The Edwards campaign decides to focus on rural areas, hoping to build up support.  Wellstone, on the other hand, focuses in the big cities, raising money and large crowds.

National Poll (September 21)
Wellstone: 37%
Edwards: 35%
Sununu: 18%
Undecided: 10%

In the first debate, on September 29, Edwards scores a major victory, as Wellstone appears tired and confused.

Post debate national poll:
Edwards: 40%
Wellstone: 35%
Sununu: 14%
Undecided: 11%

In the second debate, Edwards again appears calm and collected, as he hammers Wellstone on trade issues; Wellstone having supported numerous FTA's that Edwards opposed.  The media declares Edwards a big winner in the debate.

National poll:
Edwards: 45%
Wellstone: 38%
Sununu: 13%
Undecided: 4%

With 5 days to go in the campaign, and Edwards leading by 7, the Wellstone campaign makes one major ad buy, attacking Edwards for allegedly having an affair with a staffer.  Although the ads turn out to be untrue, Wellstone makes major gains in the polls, and on election night, is able to throw the election to the House.

John Edwards/David Boren: 44% PV, 261 EV
Paul Wellstone/John Kerry: 43% PV, 259 EV
John E. Sununu/Chris Shays: 13% PV, 18 EV

The 2004 Congressional Elections

With the amazingly close election, the Democrats makes slight gains in Congress, although the Progressives keep their majorities.

House Results:
Progressives: 248 (-1)
Democrats: 140 (+11)
Republicans: 47 (-10)

Senate Results:
Progressives: 46 (-4)
Democrats: 40 (+4)
Republicans: 14 (-)

The House Vote

Prior to the vote in the House, Sununu meets with both Edwards and Wellstone, and decides to give his support to Wellstone, based on some of Edwards tax views.  The Senate then elects Kerry as Vice President.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

Bump.

Do you ever plan on continuing this?  It's really good.

Hopefully soon.  I've almost given up on it, considering how badly it's fallen off the last few updates, but I still want to finish it.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

Albert Gore Sr.

Gore is elected to the Senate in 1953, as in RL.  He builds a fairly liberal record by Southern standards, although he is still right of centre.  He survives a tough primary challenge by Congressman William E. Brock III in 1970, thanks to timely campaigning by President Jackson.  He retires from the Senate in 1983, with his seat being taken by his son.  He dies on December 26, 2000, on his 93rd birthday.

Estes Kefauver

Kefauver made the critical mistake of joining the Progressive Party, and so was never able to get into politics in Tennessee.  He hangs himself in 1966, after losing a race for Governor.

Lyndon Johnson

After leaving the Vice Presidency in 1969, Johnson returns to Texas, where he writes his memoirs, Grab Life by the Horns, and dies of a heart attack on June 4, 1973.

Harry S. Truman

After being elected to the Senate as a Democrat from Missouri in 1935, he establishes a record as being a liberal Democrat, but it still able to climb the ranks within the party, serving as Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee from 1947-1953, and from 1963-1965.  He retires from the Senate in 1965, and returns to Missouri, where he lives out the rest of his days until his death on July 17, 1971.

John Breaux

Like IRL, Breaux is elected to Congress in 1973, rising to the Senate in 1987.  He becomes a leader in the Senate, serving as Chairman of the Aging Committee from 1997-1999, and Chairman of the DNC from 2001-2005.  He is reelected to the Senate in 2004 with 67% in the primary, and 84% in the general election.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

Bob Dole

Dole serves in WWII, and is injured, receiving two Purple Hearts for his injuries, as in RL.  He is elected to Congress as a Progressive in 1961, and is elected to the Senate in 1969.  While in the Senate, Dole builds a record as a conservative Progressive, but is still considered at least a centrist.  In 1981, he takes over as Chairman of the Finance Committee, a role he holds from 1981-1989.  Dole retires from the Senate in 1999, and teaches political science at KU until his death from bone cancer on October 3, 2004, at the age of 81.

Huey Long

Long is the founder of the Populist Party in 1929, and is elected to the Senate with that party in 1930.  The Populists become a major player in the South and Miwest, and Long is the party's recognized leader, although he never runs for President.  Long's party typically caucused with the Democrats, allowing Long to rise to the Chairmanship of the Agriculture Committee from 1951-1953, and from 1963-1966. Long dies of a heart attack at age 73 on September 10, 1966.

Strom Thurmond

Strom serves as Governor of South Carolina from 1947-1951, as in RL.  He runs on the States Right's ticket in 1952 as VP, and serves as Secretary of Agriculture under Warren from 1953-1955.  Strom is elected to the Senate as a Democrat in 1955, where he builds up a long record of seniority, serving as Chairman of Judiciary from 1979-1981, and Armed Services from 1989-1999.  He becomes the Senate's longest serving member on May 25, 1997, and he retires in 2003, dying a few months later.

Tom Daschle

Daschle serves in Congress as a Progressive from 1979-1987, and in the Senate from 1987 onwards, still serving in 2005, having defeated Democrat John Thune by 887 votes in 2004.

Mike Huckabee

Huckabee serves a Baptist Minister before being elected to the Arkansas Senate in 1983, serving until 1995, when he is elected Governor.  He serves until 2003, and makes a run for the Democratic nomination in 2004, falling short.

Lloyd Bentsen

Bentsen is elected to the Senate in 1961, replacing LBJ, and rises to become a power in the Senate; in 1989, he becomes Secretary of the Treasury under President Warner, holding the job until his death of July 5, 1995, of a stroke.

[Kaine for Senate '18]

Pretty good summary.

I can answer more questions, if you've got them.  All you need to do is ask.